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Development of artificial seed technology by encapsulating of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) explants in alginate beads.

Author: Nato Lortkipanidze
Annotation:

The forest ecosystems are of special significance for conservation of biodiversity of Georgia. The anthropogenic pressure, introduction of alien species and chronic weed infestation have dramatic effects on plant diversity, which is reflected in anincrease in the number of threatened species. Advances in plant biotechnology provide new options for collection, multiplication and short- to long-term conservation of plant biodiversity, using in vitro culture techniques.Artificial seed technology is the most significant application of plant tissue culture, having great potential for large scale production of different types of plants at low cost as an alternative to true seeds. Developing the artificial seed technology provides additional methods for medium- and long-term conservation and propagation of plantspecies which are difficult to propagate through conventional methods due to low seed set and poor seed germination. Artificial seeds can imitate the formation and germination of natural seeds. They are produced by encapsulating various plant parts in a synthetic matrix, that possess the ability to convert into a plant under in vitro or ex vitro condition. Encapsulated plant propagules can be used for the conservation at low temperature which repeatedly proved to be a convenient option for medium-term storage or long-term conservation through cryopreservation.Many studies have been conducted on artificial seed production in horticultural crops but the efforts in wild grown forest trees are limited. Optimized micropropagation systems would be required prior to artificial seed development and better understanding about manipulations in the composition of synthetic endosperm, explant type and size, media composition, optimization of growth regulators and other additives are required to enhance the germination frequency of encapsulated propagules. The purpose of present study was to elaborate an artificial seed technology by use of different explant sources for breeding and conservation of C. sativa germplasm. Development of feasible protocols for production of artificial seeds and sustainable retrieval of plantlets from encapsulated propagules are the key objectives of study. Our results have shown that the use of zygotic embryos as explants in artificial seeds gives the best results in compare to the shoot tips and nodal segments in terms of plant development timing and morphological charasteristics. It has also been foundthat the use of activated charcoal in the artificial seed matrix improves the morpho-physiological parameters of plant growth and development. The results shown will hopefully facilitatethe implementation of sustainable technology for cost-effective production of analogs of botanical seeds for prolonged storage system of plant genetic resources.


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