Ecological problems caused by solid waste management in Georgia

Author: Laura kavelidze
Keywords: Solid waste, Waste management, Environmental problems
Annotation:

The subject of research in this paper is chemical analysis, assessment of the impact of solid waste on soil and water. At this stage we will touch upon the ecological problems caused by solid waste management. What can be caused by improper placement of waste in the environment. Our research is related to natural and legal landfills in eastern Georgia. Where we will inevitably notice that without separation the waste is disposed of indiscriminately, improperly placed controlled and often dispersed by the wind, after some time the organic waste is destroyed, various harmful substances are produced, their further migration into the environment, odor spread and more. All of this is critical to the environment. Landfills in Georgia, with few exceptions, do not meet international standards. Almost all settlements have one or more natural landfills. Because of this, the soil is likely to be mostly polluted. Adverse effects on surface and groundwater are also possible. Although the law provides for the reduction of biodegradable municipal waste at landfills, in reality it has not been reduced. Due to the lack of insulation, hazardous substances enter the soil and groundwater, contaminating agricultural land and, it even affects the product. Eighty percent of landfills are located near rivers and ravines. Chemicals threaten river ecosystems, and the flow of water carries them to areas far from landfills. Combustion and decomposition of landfills release large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane - the main pollutants in the air. In a developed country, financial opportunities and a high level of education lead to successful achievements, which in itself reduces the risk of waste impact on the environment. Which we can not say about developing countries where environmental pollution is not properly addressed and assessed. neither of the relevant resources are solid for effective waste management. 90% are placed in unregulated landfills and are being burned openly. Scientific studies have largely assessed soil characteristics such as pH, EC, MC, OM, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Na + and K +, and found that in most cases the soil characteristics changed under the influence of solid waste and were not within acceptable limits. Their locations contain elements such as: calcium, magnesium, potassium, nitrogen. Traces of metals are observed: iron, copper, nickel, lead. Organic compounds such as phenols, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Sh. [17] It all depends on the composition of the waste, which is absorbed and leaked according to the type and properties of the soil. In assessing the environmental impact of waste, their composition is important, the chemical decomposition of which leads to soil and water pollution. The ecological sustainability of the environment is endangered.